Censorship and free speech

53 - Beware of the Philosopher: the Cynics

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In this episode we unleash the most outrageous ancient philosophers, Diogenes and the Cynics, and their quest to “deface the currency” by exposing the hypocrisy of Greek society.

97 - A Tale of Two Cities: The Last Pagan Philosophers

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Neoplatonism had a long-standing association with traditional Greek religion. How did philosophers respond when Christians gained ascendancy?

145 - Frank Griffel on al-Ghazālī

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Why did al-Ghazālī judge "the philosophers" to be apostates? Peter finds out from Frank Griffel.

163 - Burnt Offerings: The Maimonides Controversy

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Maimonides’ works provoke a bitter dispute among Jews in France and Spain over the relation of philosophy to Judaism.

249. Paris When it Sizzles: the Condemnations

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Two rounds of condemnations at Paris declare certain philosophical teachings as heretical. But what were the long term effects?

43. Kill or Be Killed: David Walker’s Appeal

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David Walker defends violent resistance in his incendiary and influential Appeal.

347. Bonfire of the Vanities: Savonarola

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The prophetic preacher Girolamo Savonarola attacks pagan philosophy and puts forward his own political ideas, before coming to an untimely end.

358. Of Two Minds: Pomponazzi and Nifo on the Intellect

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Pietro Pomponazzi and Agostino Nifo debate the immortality of the soul and the cogency of Averroes’ theory of intellect.

368. Boundless Enthusiasm: Giordano Bruno

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Giordano Bruno’s stunning vision of an infinite universe with infinite worlds, and his own untimely end.

370. Ingrid Rowland on Rome in the Renaissance

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For our finale of the Italian Renaissance series we're joined by Ingrid Rowland, to speak about art, philosophy, and persecution in Renaissance Rome.

372. Strong, Silent Type: the Printing Press

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The impact of the printing press on the history of philosophy, and its role in helping to trigger the Reformation.

83. Songs of the People: Paul Robeson and the Negro Spiritual

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The career of the multi-talented activist and performer Paul Robeson, and the place of the Negro spiritual in the Harlem Renaissance.

382. No Lord but God: the Peasants’ War and Radical Reformation

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Faced with massive political upheaval and the rise of the Anabaptists, Luther argues for a socially conservative version of the Reformation.

383. Slowly But Surely: Huldrych Zwingli

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The Swiss theologian Zwingli launches the Reformation in Switzerland, but clashes with Luther and more radical Protestants.

390. Born to Be Contrary: Toleration in the Netherlands

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Amidst religious conflict in the Netherlands, Dirck Coornhert pleads for religious toleration and freedom of expression.

406. Believe at Your Own Risk: Toleration in France

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Even as wars of religion in France prompt calls for toleration, hardly anyone makes a principled case for freedom of conscience… apart from Sebastian Castellio.

407. Maria Rosa Antognazza on Early Modern Toleration

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An interview on the nature of religious tolerance, and the forms it took during the Reformation and in the thought of early modern thinkers like Locke and Leibniz.

Maria Rosa Antognazza is Professor of Philosophy at King's College London.

416. God’s is the Quarrel: the English Reformation

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The historical context of English philosophy in the sixteenth century, with particular focus on Thomas Cranmer, and the role of religion in personal conscience and social cohesion.

122. A More Human Face: Steve Biko

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Famous for his killing at the hands of the Apartheid government in South Africa, Steve Biko was also a deep thinker, who introduced the notion of Black Consciousness.

420. No Place Will Please Me So: Thomas More

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What is the message of the famous, but elusive, work Utopia, and how can it be squared with the life of its author?

126. Fugitive for Justice: Angela Davis

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The eventful life and penetrating philosophy of Angela Davis, an icon of resistance deeply informed by Marxism and influential on black feminist thought.

129. Afrophone Home: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

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How one of Kenya's greatest writers came to argue that African literature should be written in African languages.

130. Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o on Himself

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The great Kenyan writer Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o joins us to speak about his career, his influences, and the power and politics of language.

438. Don't Give Up Pope: Catholic Reformation

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How the Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation created a context for philosophy among Catholics, especially in Spain, Portugal, and Italy.

439. Cancel Culture: The Inquisition

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How religious persecution and censorship shaped the context of philosophy in Catholic Europe in the sixteenth century.