104. In Unity Lies Strength: Kwame Nkrumah
The first leader of independent Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, writes against neocolonialism and in favor of socialism and Pan-Africanism.
• K. Nkrumah, Towards Colonial Freedom: Africa in the Struggle Against World Imperialism (London: 1962).
• K. Nkrumah, Africa Must Unite (New York: 1963).
• K. Nkrumah, Neo-Colonialism: the Last Stage of Imperialism (New York: 1965).
• K. Nkrumah, Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for De-Colonization (New York: 1970, first ed. 1964).
• K. Nkrumah, Class Struggle in Africa (New York: 1970).
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• A. Biney, The Political and Social Thought of Kwame Nkrumah (New York: 2011).
• B. Cissé, “La problématique de la renaissance africaine dans le Consciencisme de Nkrumah: pour une relecture du socialisme africain,” Présence africaine 185-186 (2012), 61-78.
• B. Davidson, Kwame Nkrumah: a View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah (Oxford: 2007).
• B. Lundt, Kwame Nkrumah 1909-1972: a Controversial African Visionary (Stuttgart: 2016).
• C. Martin, “Nkrumah’s Strategy of Decolonization: Originality and Classicism,” Présence Africaine 85 (1973), 74-105.
• S. Metz, “In Lieu of Orthodoxy: The Socialist Theories of Nkrumah and Nyerere,” Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (1982), 377-92.
• D. Rooney, Kwame Nkrumah: Vision and Tragedy (Accra: 2007).
• Y. Smertin, Kwame Nkrumah (New York: 1987).
• M.W. Williams, “Nkrumahism as an Ideological Embodiment of Leftist Thought Within the African World,” Journal of Black Studies 15 (1984), 117-34.
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