13. Renewing the Faith: the Sokoto Caliphate

Uthman Dan Fodio and his family were scholars, poets, and warriors whose jihad in 19th century Nigeria created the Sokoto Caliphate.

• E.J. Arnett (trans.), The Rise of Sokoto Fulani, being a paraphrase and in some parts a translation of the Infaku'l maisuri of Sultan Mohammed Bello (Koto: 1922).

• C. Azuonye, "Feminist or Simply Feminine? Reflections on the Works of Nana Asmā'u, a Nineteenth-Century West African Woman Poet, Intellectual, and Social Activist," Meridians 6 (2006): 54-77.

• U. Bili, Some Aspects of Islam in Africa (Reading: 2008).

• J. Boyd and B.B. Mack (trans.), Collected Works of Nana Asma’u, Daughter of Usman d’an Fodio, 1793-1864 (East Lansing: 1997).

• M. Hiskett, The Sword of Truth: the Life and Times of the Shehu Usuman Dan Fodio (New York: 1973).

• M. Last, The Sokoto Caliphate (London: 1977).

• P. Naylor, From Rebels to Rulers: Writing Legitimacy in the Early Sokoto State (Suffolk: 2021).

Online works by Muhammad Bello